Centering, Contextual Effects, and the Fixed-Versus-Random Debate

In this chapterfour codings of a level-1 predictor; which random intercept models are equivalent and which are not; centering in random slope models; contextual effects; the within-between decomposition and the Hausman test; categorical predictors; three-level models; sampling error in cluster means and the latent covariate model; the fixed-versus-random debate; recommendations.