Chapter15
Assumptions, Diagnostics, and Heterogeneous Variance
In this chapterthe assumptions of the linear mixed model in the three views; residuals at level 1 and level 2; influence of pupils and schools; heterogeneous level-1 and level-2 variances; non-normality and outliers; what misspecification does to estimates and standard errors; sensitivity analysis; a diagnostic checklist.
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Cite this bookYu, H.-T. (2026). Multilevel modeling for psychology and the social sciences: Models, graphs, and practice (Web ed.). Chapter 15.