Chapter24
Ordinal, Nominal, and Count Outcomes
In this chapterthe generalized linear mixed model as a family; ordinal outcomes with cumulative link models, thresholds, proportional odds, and its relaxation; nominal outcomes with baseline-category logit models and correlated random effects; counts with Poisson and negative binomial models, offsets, and observation-level random effects, with a simulation on the sources of overdispersion; excess zeros with zero-inflated and hurdle models; estimation, inference, and diagnostics across families; reporting.
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Cite this bookYu, H.-T. (2026). Multilevel modeling for psychology and the social sciences: Models, graphs, and practice (Web ed.). Chapter 24.