Multilevel Modeling for Psychology and the Social Sciences: Models, Graphs, and PracticeHsiu-Ting Yu 游琇婷 Hsiu-Ting Yu游琇婷
中文
Chapter9

Estimation: Likelihood, REML, and Algorithms

In this chapterwhat is estimated; the likelihood of the marginal model and the profile likelihood; restricted maximum likelihood; ML and REML compared in real and simulated data; the algorithms that maximize the likelihood; estimation problems and their remedies; alternatives.

about 45 min read7,761 words6 figures6 tables

This chapter is password protected

Chapters 1–4 and Appendices A–F are open to all readers. Each of Chapters 5–32 has its own password; enter the password for Chapter 9 to open this chapter on this device.

Opening the chapter…
Cite this bookYu, H.-T. (2026). Multilevel modeling for psychology and the social sciences: Models, graphs, and practice (Web ed.). Chapter 9.