Chapter20
Covariance Structures and Serial Correlation
In this chaptersources of correlation among repeated measures; models for the level-1 residuals (AR(1), MA(1), ARMA(1,1), Toeplitz, unstructured, heterogeneous versions); simulated illustrations; the Riesby data with residual structures; random effects versus serial correlation, with a simulation; heterogeneous variances; software; reporting.
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Cite this bookYu, H.-T. (2026). Multilevel modeling for psychology and the social sciences: Models, graphs, and practice (Web ed.). Chapter 20.